< Portuguese Grammar

Connectors

Portuguese connectors are prepositions that link one verb to another, usually when the second verb appears in the infinitive.
These small words — a, de, em, por, para, sem — are not optional. Certain verbs require a specific connector to sound correct.
When Portuguese verbs connect, the connector is what makes the sentence work.
Eu comecei a cozinhar.
I started cooking.

Eu parei de fumar.
I stopped smoking.

Without the connector and the sentence breaks — even if the meaning feels “close enough” in English.

Common verb + connector pairs

Some verbs come permanently wired with their connector:

começar + a
Eu comecei a estudar. ➜ I started studying.

parar + de
Ele parou de fumar. ➜ He stopped smoking.

voltar + a
Ela voltou a trabalhar. ➜ She started working again.

aprender + a
Estou aprendendo a nadar. ➜ I’m learning to swim.

esquecer + de
Você esqueceu de ligar. ➜ You forgot to call.

lembrar + de
Lembre-se de desligar o fogão. ➜ Remember to turn off the stove.

gostar + de
Eles gostam de cozinhar juntos. ➜ They like to cook together.

Other connectors you’ll see often

pensar + em ➜ Pensei em mudar de emprego. ➜ I thought about changing jobs.

acreditar + em ➜ Acredito em vencer. ➜ I believe in winning.

sonhar + com ➜ Eu sonho com viajar pelo mundo. ➜ I dream of traveling the world.

agradecer + por ➜ Agradeço por ter vindo. ➜ I thank you for coming.

sem (without) ➜ Fez isso sem pensar. ➜ He did it without thinking.

Chaining multiple verbs

Portuguese allows long chains — as long as each verb keeps its connector.

One important warning about de

De appears constantly — but not every verb needs it.

Incorrect:
Eu acabei de decidir de não sair.

Correct:
Eu acabei de decidir não sair.

Ela acabou de começar a estudar. ➜ She just started studying.

Eles esqueceram de tentar parar de fumar. ➜ They forgot to try to stop smoking.